Impendulo emfushane
Khulumani endaweni ethulile, bhekanani nomuntu, sebenzisani igama lakhe, futhi nikhulume kancane ngemisho emifushane, elula. Buzani umbuzo oyedwa ngesikhathi, nikeze ukukhetha phakathi kwezinto ezimbili esikhundleni semibuzo evulekile, futhi nilinde isikhathi eside kunalokho okuzwakala kujwayelekile. Ningaphikisani, ningalungisi noma nihlole. Phendulani umuzwa osemuva kwamagama, futhi nisebenzise ukuthinta, izithombe nezinkomba lapho ukukhuluma sekunzima.
- Nciphisani umsindo osemuva futhi nithole ukubukana ngamehlo ngaphambi kokuqala ukukhuluma.
- Sebenzisani imisho emifushane, umbono owodwa ngesikhathi, namagama abantu esikhundleni sokusebenzisa nje “yena” noma “bona”.
- Nikezani ukukhetha phakathi kwezinto ezimbili, noma umbuzo othi yebo-noma-cha, kunemibuzo evulekile.
- Lindani impendulo. Uma bengaqondwa, phindani amagama afanayo, bese nizama amasha.
- Ningaphikisani noma nilungise. Phendulani umuzwa osemuva kwalokho abakushoyo.
- Lapho amagama ehla, xhumanani ngokuthinta, ithoni yezwi, ukubukeka kobuso nezithombe enabelana ngazo.
Kuleli khasi (izingxenye ezingu-8)
- Yiziphi izeluleko ezibaluleke kakhulu zokukhuluma nomuntu one-dementia?
- Ngiqala kanjani ingxoxo?
- Ngikubeka kanjani engikushoyo?
- Ngilalela kanjani kahle?
- Kuthiwani uma bethi okuthile okungeyona iqiniso?
- Ukuxhumana kushintsha kanjani njengoba i-dementia iqhubeka?
- Izithombe nemisebenzi zingenza ingxoxo ibe lula?
- Kuthiwani uma ngilahlekelwa yisineke?
I-dementia ingenza kube nzima ukuthola amagama, ukulandela umusho omude, noma ukuvimba umsindo osemuva. Akukho kulokho okusho ukuthi umuntu uyekile ukufuna ukuxhumana. Izinguquko ezincane endleleni enihlela ngayo ingxoxo, ekhulumeni nasekulaleleni kungenza ukukhuluma kube lula futhi kuthule kunobabili.
Yiziphi izeluleko ezibaluleke kakhulu zokukhuluma nomuntu one-dementia?
Tholani ukunaka kwabo, gcina kulula, futhi yibani nesineke. Uma nikhumbula izinto ezinhlanu kuphela:
- Thulisani igumbi futhi nibhekane nabo. Valani ithelevishini, hlalani ezingeni lamehlo, futhi nisebenzise igama labo.
- Shoni into eyodwa ngesikhathi. Imisho emifushane, umbono owodwa, umbuzo owodwa.
- Nikezani ukukhetha phakathi kwezinto ezimbili. “Itiye noma ikhofi?” lilula kuno-“Ufuna ini?”
- Lindani. Nikezani isikhathi esiningi sokuphendula kunalokho okuzwakala kujwayelekile, futhi nizame ukungavimbi.
- Ningaphikisani noma nihlole. Phendulani ukuthi bazizwa kanjani, hhayi ukuthi amaqiniso alungile yini.
Ngiqala kanjani ingxoxo?
Lungisani izinto ukuze umuntu agxile kinina. Umhlahlandlela we-Family Caregiver Alliance uncoma ukunciphisa umsindo kuqala: vala umsakazo noma ithelevishini, vala amakhethini noma umnyango, noma niye endaweni ethule kakhulu.
- Sondelani ngaphambili. Ukuza ngemuva noma ngasohlangothini kungamethusa.
- Shoni ukuthi ningobani. “Sawubona Baba, nginguSarah, indodakazi yakho.” Lokhu kumsindisa ekufuneni igama lenu.
- Fikani ezingeni labo. Uma behleli, hlalani noma nigobe ukuze amehlo enu alingane.
- Hlolani ubuso nethoni yenu. I-National Institute on Aging (NIA) incoma ukwazi ithoni yenu, ivolumu, ukubukeka kobuso nolimi lomzimba, nokuhlosa indlela efudumele, ethula.
- Qinisekisani ukuthi izingilazi zamehlo nezinsiza zokuzwa zifakiwe. Kunzima ukulandela ingxoxo ongakwazi ukuyibona noma ukuyizwa ngokuphelele.
Ngikubeka kanjani engikushoyo?
Sebenzisani amagama alula, imisho emifushane nezwi elithulile, eliphansi.
- Umbono owodwa emshweni ngamunye. “Ake sifake ibhantshi lakho. Bese siphuma ngaphandle.” Hhayi kokubili ngomphefumulo owodwa.
- Sebenzisani amagama, hhayi nje “yena” noma “bona”. “UJean ushayele ucingo” kucacile kune-“Ushayele ucingo.”
- Yehlisani izwi, ningalikhuphuli. I-Family Caregiver Alliance iphakamisa izwi eliphansi kunelikhuphuliwe.
- Phindani, bese nishintsha amagama. Uma bengaqondanga, phindani amagama afanayo kanye. Uma lokho kungasebenzi, lindani umzuzu bese nizama amagama ahlukile.
- Khombisani futhi nisho. Khombani indebe, phakamisani omajezi ababili, noma nikhombise isinyathelo sokuqala.
- Khulumani nabo, hhayi ngabo. I-NIA ixwayisa ngokukhuluma ngomuntu sengathi akekho, nangokukhuluma ngolimi lwezingane ezincane.
I-NIA iphakamisa izinhlobo ezilula zemibuzo ejwayelekile. Nazi izibonelo ngalo moya:
| Esikhundleni salokhu | Zamani |
|---|---|
| “Ufuna ukudlani ngesidlo sakusihlwa?” | “Ufuna inhlanzi noma inkukhu?” |
| “Uzizwa kanjani?” | “Uzizwa ukhathele?” |
| “Ulambile?” | “Isidlo sakusihlwa sizobe sesilungile ngemizuzu emihlanu.” |
| “Akwenziwa kanjalo.” | “Ake sizame ngale ndlela.” |
| “Uyalikhumbula uhambo lwethu oluya echibini?” | “Bengicabanga ngohambo lwethu oluya echibini. Ngitshele ukuthi yini obuyithanda kulo.” |
| “Ngikutshelile kakade.” | Phendulani futhi, ngomusa, sengathi kuyisikhathi sokuqala. |
Ngilalela kanjani kahle?
Lalelani incazelo nomuzwa, hhayi nje amagama.
- Lindani. Ukuthula kuvame ukuba yisikhathi sokucabanga. Balani kancane kuze kube yishumi ngaphambi kokungena.
- Nikezani igama kuphela uma bebambekile. I-Family Caregiver Alliance ithi kulungile ukuphakamisa amagama lapho umuntu enenkinga.
- Hlolani lokho enikuzwile. Umhlahlandlela we-Alzheimer’s Association wokuxhumana uphakamisa ukufuna incazelo emuva kwamagama abo nokuyiphinda ukuze nihlole ukuthi niyiqondile. “Ukhathazekile ngemoto?”
- Bhekani ubuso nomzimba wabo. Njengoba ukukhuluma kuya ngokuba nzima, i-NIA iphawula, ukubukeka kobuso kungase kubonise usizi, ulaka noma ukuphoxeka ngokucacile kunamagama.
- Thathani izikhathazi zabo njengezibalulekile. Ngisho noma ukukhathazeka kusekelwe emaqinisweni angalungile, umuzwa uyiqiniso.
Kuthiwani uma bethi okuthile okungeyona iqiniso?
Ningaphikisani. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi nizinqobe, futhi umuntu angaphetha ngokuzizwa ehlazekile noma esaba. Esikhundleni salokho, xhumanani nomuzwa, bese niqhubekela phambili ngomusa.
I-Family Caregiver Alliance iphakamisa ukuvuma umuzwa ngaphambi kokuthi niwuhambise kwenye indawo. Isibonelo, uma umama wenu esho ngokuqinile ukuthi kufanele athathe izingane esikoleni:
- Esikhundleni salokhu: “Mama, izingane zakho sezikhulile. Kwakuyiminyaka engu-40 edlule.”
- Zamani: “Wawuhlale uyisimame onakekelayo. Ngitshele ngokuzithatha. Ake sidle okuthile kuqala?”
I-Alzheimer’s Association iphinde income ukungaphikisani ngezitatimende ongavumelani nazo. Khethani izikhathi zenu: uma inkolelo engalungile ingenabungozi, yiyeni.
Ukuxhumana kushintsha kanjani njengoba i-dementia iqhubeka?
Izidingo ziyashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho lungisani indlela yenu. I-Alzheimer’s Association ichaza izigaba ezintathu ezibanzi:
| Isigaba | Okusizayo |
|---|---|
| Sokuqala | Ningacabangi ukuthi abakwazi ukuxhumana. Bafakeni ezingxoxweni, khulumani nabo ngqo, buzani ukuthi yisiphi usizo abalufunayo, futhi nisebenzise amahlaya uma kusiza. |
| Maphakathi | Izingxoxo munye-nomunye endaweni ethulile. Khulumani kancane, gcinani ukubukana ngamehlo, sebenzisani imibuzo ethi yebo-noma-cha, nikeze iziqondiso zesinyathelo ngesinyathelo, futhi ningagxeki noma nilungise. |
| Sokuphela | Sondelani ngaphambili futhi nisho ukuthi ningobani. Khuthazani ukukhomba nezinkomba zomzimba. Sebenzisani ukuthinta, imisindo, okubonwayo nokuhogelwayo. Ningalokothi nikhulume sengathi abekho. |
Umuntu ngamunye uhlukile, futhi umuntu ofanayo angaba nezinsuku ezinhle nezinzima. Phendulani ukuthi bayiphi isimo manje, hhayi ilebuli.
Izithombe nemisebenzi zingenza ingxoxo ibe lula?
Yebo. Isithombe esabelwanayo sisusa ingcindezi futhi sinikeza nobabili okuthile ongakubheka nokukukhomba.
- Izithombe ezikhuthaza ingxoxo. Amakhadi Engxoxo anikeza izithombe ezinemibuzo evulekile engahloli.
- Izithombe zomndeni. Amapheya Ezithombe Zomndeni enza izithombe ozikhethayo zibe umdlalo othambile wokufanisa, ovame ukuvusa izindaba.
- Izisho ezaziwayo. Qeda Isisho isebenzisa izisho zesiNgisi zase-US ezaziwayo, ezilandelwa umbuzo wengxoxo.
- Imidlalo yokufanisa njengendawo yangasemuva. Amapheya Ezithombe anikeza izandla zenu okuthile okufanele zikwenze ngenkathi nixoxa.
Bhekani indlela yokudlala imidlalo ndawonye kanye nemisebenzi yokukhumbula ukuthola okwengeziwe. Ngokuvakasha nezingcingo, funda imihlahlandlela yethu ye-ukuvakasha kanye nezingcingo namakholi evidiyo.
Kuthiwani uma ngilahlekelwa yisineke?
Kwenzeka kubo bonke. I-NIA iphakamisa ukuthi uma niphoxeka, nithathe isikhathi ukuze nihlise umoya. Ngenani kwelinye igumbi, phefumulani kancane izikhathi ezimbalwa, futhi nibuye uma nikwazi. Ningaqala ingxoxo kabusha noma nini, futhi umuntu angase aphendule isimo senu esithule kakhulu. Uma ukuphoxeka kuba njalo, lokho kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi nidinga usizo olwengeziwe, hhayi ukuthi niyahluleka. Umhlahlandlela wethu wokuzinakekela komnakekeli unezindawo ongaphendukela kuzo.
Imibuzo evamile
Yini okungafanele ishiwo kumuntu one-dementia?
Gwemani ukubuza ukuhlola (“Uyakhumbula...?”), ukulungisa (“Lokho akulungile”), ukubakhumbuza ngokulahlekelwa (“Sengikutshelile”) nokukhuluma ngabo sengathi abekho. Gwemani ukukhuluma ngolimi lwezingane ezincane. Lokhu kuvame ukubangela amahloni noma ukukhathazeka ngaphandle kokusiza.
Kufanele yini ngibalungise uma beyenza iphutha ngamaqiniso?
Ngokuvamile cha. Uma iphutha lingenabungozi, lishiyeni. Ukuphikisana akuvamile ukushintsha umqondo womuntu futhi kuvame ukumcasula. Gxilani ekutheni uzizwa kanjani nokuthi udingani manje.
Ngenzenjani uma bengakwazi ukuthola igama?
Nikeze isikhathi kuqala. Uma kusobala ukuthi bayanda, kulungile ukunikeza igama ngomusa noma ukuqagela abakushoyo nibuze. Ukukhomba, izinkomba zomzimba nezithombe nakho kungasiza.
Ngikhuluma kanjani nomuntu one-dementia esigabeni sokuphela okhuluma kancane?
Sondelani ngaphambili, nisho ukuthi ningobani, futhi nisebenzise izwi elithulile nokuthinta okuthambile. Bhekani ubuso nolimi lomzimba ukuze nibone imizwa. Ukuba khona kwenu, ingoma eyaziwayo noma ukubambana ngezandla kungaxhumana okuningi ngaphandle kwamagama.
Imithombo
Sixhumanisa nezinhlangano nezifundo leli khasi eliklanyelwe kuzo. Lunye lwahlolwa lapho leli khasi libuyekezwa.
- Communicating With Someone Who Has Alzheimer's Disease · National Institute on Aging
- Communication and Alzheimer's · Alzheimer's Association
- Caregiver's Guide to Understanding Dementia Behaviors · Family Caregiver Alliance