Impendulo emfushane
Ukulahleka kwenkumbulo okuphazamisa impilo yansuku zonke, inkinga yemisebenzi ejwayelekile, ukudideka ngesikhathi noma indawo, nezinguquko esimweni sengqondo noma ekwahluleni kungaba yizimpawu zokuqala ze-dementia. Ezinye izimo eziningi, kuhlanganise nezinkinga ze-thyroid, i-vitamin B12 ephansi, imiphumela emibi yemithi, ukudumala nezinkinga zokulala, zingabangela izinguquko ezifanayo. Udokotela noma uchwepheshe wezempilo onekhono kuphela ongaxilonga. Ukudideka okuzumayo kudinga ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo.
- Ukukhohlwa kwesikhathi ngesikhathi kuvamile ngeminyaka; izinguquko eziphazamisa impilo yansuku zonke zifanele ukuhlolwa.
- I-Alzheimer's Association ichaza izimpawu zokuxwayisa eziyi-10, ngasinye nokushintsha okujwayelekile kweminyaka ukuze kuqhathaniswe.
- Izinkinga ze-thyroid, i-vitamin B12 ephansi, imiphumela emibi yemithi, ukudumala, ukusulelwa nezinkinga zokulala zingathinta inkumbulo, futhi ezinye ziyelashwa.
- Udokotela noma uchwepheshe wezempilo onekhono kuphela ongaxilonga i-dementia; imibuzo ku-inthanethi nokuzihlola akunakukwenza.
- Ukudideka okuza ngokuzumayo, emahoreni noma ezinsukwini, kungaba i-delirium futhi kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuphuthumayo.
Kuleli khasi (izingxenye ezingu-7)
Ukubona izinguquko enkumbulweni yenu, noma yomuntu enimthandayo, kungesabisa. Leli khasi linganiseza ninqume ukuthi nizobona nini udokotela nokuthi nilungiselele kanjani. Alikwazi ukunitshela ukuthi ingabe omunye une-dementia yini. Udokotela noma uchwepheshe wezempilo onekhono kuphela ongaxilonga i-dementia, futhi izimo eziningi ezibangela izinkinga zenkumbulo azisona i-dementia nhlobo. Sicela ningathembeli ezibuzweni ze-inthanethi noma ekuzihloleni.
Yiziphi izimpawu zokuqala ze-dementia?
I-Alzheimer’s Association ichaza izimpawu zokuqala eziyi-10. Ihlanganisa ngasinye nokushintsha okujwayelekile kweminyaka ukuze kuqhathaniswe. Ngamazwi ethu:
| Uphawu olufanele ukuhlolwa | Okujwayelekile ngeminyaka |
|---|---|
| Ukulahleka kwenkumbulo okuphazamisa impilo yansuku zonke, njengokukhohlwa izehlakalo zamuva noma ukubuza into efanayo kaningi | Ngezinye izikhathi ukukhohlwa igama noma isikhathi sokubonana, bese kukhunjulwa kamuva |
| Inkinga yokuhlela noma yokuxazulula izinkinga, njengokulandela iresiphi eyaziwayo noma ukulandela amabhili | Iphutha ngezikhathi ezithile ngamabhili asekhaya |
| Ubunzima bokuqeda imisebenzi eyaziwayo ekhaya, emsebenzini noma uphumile | Ngezikhathi ezithile ukudinga usizo ngezilungiselelo ze-microwave noma ukurekhoda uhlelo lwe-TV |
| Ukulahlekelwa ukulandela izinsuku, izikhathi zonyaka noma ukuthi ukuphi | Ukwenza iphutha ngosuku lweviki, bese ulisebenzela |
| Inkinga entsha yokulinganisa ibanga, ukufunda noma ukwehlukanisa imibala | Izinguquko zokubona ezibangelwa ama-cataract |
| Izinkinga ezintsha ngamagama, njengokuyeka phakathi nengxoxo noma ukubiza izinto ngegama elingelona | Ngezinye izikhathi ukuzabalaza ukuthola igama elifanele |
| Ukubeka izinto ezindaweni ezingajwayelekile futhi ungakwazi ukulandela izinyathelo zakho emuva | Ukubeka izinto endaweni engafanele ngezikhathi ezithile futhi uzitholile ngokulandela izinyathelo zakho emuva |
| Ukwahlulela okungalungile, njengokuphathelene nemali noma ukuzinakekela komuntu siqu | Ukwenza isinqumo esibi esisodwa ngezikhathi ezithile |
| Ukuhoxa ezintweni ezijabulisayo, emsebenzini noma emisebenzini yenhlalo | Ngezinye izikhathi ukungazizwa ufuna ukuya emcimbini womndeni noma wenhlalo |
| Izinguquko esimweni sengqondo noma ekubeni umuntu, njengokudideka, ukusola, ukwesaba noma ukukhathazeka | Ukuba nezindlela ezigxilile zokwenza izinto nokucasuka lapho inqubo ejwayelekile iphazamiseka |
Uphawu olulodwa nje alusho i-dementia. Iphuzu liwukuthi kunguquko kulokho okujwayelekile kulowo muntu, ikakhulukazi leyo eyenza impilo yansuku zonke ibe nzima kakhulu.
Ukuguga okujwayelekile kuhluke kanjani ne-dementia?
I-National Institute on Aging (NIA) ithi abantu abadala abaningi babona ukuthi bakhumbula izinto kancane, noma ngezinye izikhathi babeka izinto endaweni engafanele noma bakhohlwa ibhili. Lezi ngokuvamile yizimpawu zokukhohlwa okuncane. I-dementia ayiyona ingxenye evamile yokuguga. Izinkinga ezinkulu zenkumbulo zenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke ibe nzima, njengokushayela, ukusebenzisa ucingo noma ukuthola indlela eya ekhaya.
I-NIA iphakamisa ukukhuluma nodokotela uma umuntu:
- Ebuza imibuzo efanayo kaningi
- Elahleka ezindaweni ayezazi kahle
- Enenkinga yokulandela amaresiphi noma iziqondiso
- Edideka kakhulu ngesikhathi, abantu nezindawo
- Eyeka ukuzinakekela, njengokudla kabi, ukungageji noma ukuziphatha ngendlela engaphephile
Abanye abantu banokwehla kwamakhono okucabanga okuncane (mild cognitive impairment, MCI). Lokho kusho izinkinga zenkumbulo noma zokucabanga ezingaphezu kwezabanye abaleminyaka efanayo, kuyilapho besaphatha impilo yansuku zonke. I-NIA ithi i-MCI ingaba uphawu lokuqala lwe-Alzheimer’s, kodwa akubona bonke abane-MCI abayithola.
Yini enye engabangela izinkinga zenkumbulo?
Izinto eziningi ngaphandle kwe-dementia zingathinta inkumbulo, futhi ezinye ziyathuthuka ngokwelashwa. I-NIA ibala:
- Izinkinga ze-thyroid, izinso noma isibindi
- Imiphumela emibi yemithi
- Ukudumala (depression) nokukhathazeka
- I-vitamin B12 ephansi noma ukungadli ukudla okunempilo okwanele
- Izinkinga zokulala
- Ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala noma izidakamizwa
- Ukusulelwa, izigaxa zegazi noma izimila ebuchosheni
- Ukulimala ekhanda, njenge-concussion
- Ingcindezi enkulu noma usizi, njengokuthatha umhlalaphansi noma ukulahlekelwa umlingani
Izinkinga zokuzwa nezokubona nazo zingadidaniswa nokudideka; bhekani umhlahlandlela wethu wokuzwa. Yingakho ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kubalulekile. Ngokusho kwe-Alzheimer’s Association, odokotela bavame ukucela ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze babheke izinkinga ze-thyroid, ukuntuleka kwama-vitamin nokusulelwa. Ukulala okuhle nokwelashwa kokudumala nakho kufanele kuphakanyiswe.
Ukudideka okuzumayo kuyisimo esiphuthumayo
Ukudideka okuza ngokushesha, emahoreni noma ezinsukwini, kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuphuthumayo. Kungaba i-delirium. I-VA ichaza i-delirium njengesimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha futhi iluleka ukushayela umnakekeli wezempilo womuntu ngokushesha noma ukushayela inombolo yezimo eziphuthumayo yendawo yakini. Izimpawu zihlanganisa:
- Ukwenyuka nokwehla kwekhono lokucabanga ngokucacile
- Inkinga yokunaka
- Ukucabanga okungahlelekile
- Ukuba nobuthongo obungajwayelekile, noma ukungaphumuli nokuphazamiseka okungajwayelekile
Lokhu kungenzeka kunoma ubani, kuhlanganise nabantu abasevele baphila ne-dementia. Ngokusho kwe-NHS, izimbangela ezivamile zihlanganisa ukusulelwa (ukusulelwa endleleni yomchamo kuvamile kubantu asebekhulile nabantu abane-dementia), i-stroke, ushukela ophansi egazini kubantu abane-diabetes, ukulimala ekhanda nemithi ethile. Ngenkathi nilindele usizo, hlalani nomuntu futhi nimqinisekise ngamazwi amafushane, alula. Ningabuzi imibuzo eminingi, futhi nigcine uhlu lwemithi ayithathayo.
Ngilungiselela kanjani ukubona udokotela?
Ukubonana okuhle kuqala ngamanothi amahle. I-Alzheimer’s Association iphakamisa ukuletha:
- Uhlu lwezinguquko enkumbulweni, esimweni sengqondo nasekuziphatheni, nezibonelo ezithile nokuthi zaqala nini ngokulinganisela
- Izinkinga zempilo zangaphambilini nezamanje, kuhlanganise nanoma yimuphi umlando womndeni wezinkinga zenkumbulo
- Yonke imithi enikezwe udokotela nemithi ethengwa esitolo ngaphandle kwesiqondiso
- Noma yimaphi ama-vitamin noma izengezo
- Imibuzo yenu, njengokuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ezizokwenziwa, zithatha isikhathi esingakanani nokuthi imiphumela izofika nini
Kuyasiza futhi ukuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngane owazi kahle lo muntu. I-NIA ichaza ukuthi odokotela bangase babuze umuntu nelungu lomndeni ngempilo, imithi, imisebenzi yansuku zonke nezinguquko ekuziphatheni. Odokotela bangase futhi:
- Banikeze izivivinyo zenkumbulo, zokuxazulula izinkinga, zokunaka, zokubala nolimi
- Bacele ukuhlolwa kwegazi, komchamo nokunye ukuze bafune ezinye izimbangela
- Bahlole ukudumala noma ezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo
- Bacele izithombe zobuchopho ezifana ne-CT noma i-MRI
- Banikeze incwadi yokudlulisela kochwepheshe, njenge-geriatrician, i-neurologist, i-geriatric psychiatrist noma i-neuropsychologist
I-NIA ithi ukuhlolwa kwamakhono okucabanga kuyingxenye edingekayo ye-Medicare Annual Wellness Visit e-US, okungaba yisikhathi esifanele sokuphakamisa izinkathazo. Ngisho nezivivinyo ezimfushane odokotela abazisebenzisayo azanele zodwa ukuxilonga i-dementia. Ziyisinyathelo sokuqala sokuhlolwa okugcwele kakhulu, futhi ukuhlolwa kungathatha ukuvakashela okungaphezu kokukodwa. I-NIA iluleka ukuthi abantu abanezinkinga zenkumbulo babuyele kudokotela njalo ezinyangeni eziyi-6 kuya kweziyi-12.
Ukuphakamisa udaba ngomusa
Uma nikhathazekile ngomunye umuntu, khethani isikhathi esithulile, esiyimfihlo. Khulumani ngezinto ezithile enizibonile, nizibeke njengokukhathazeka ngempilo yakhe hhayi ukumsola. Ukuphakamisa ukuhlolwa jikelele kungazwakala kungesabisi kangako. Mhlanganyeleni umuntu ezinqumweni futhi nikhulume naye njengomuntu omdala. Izeluleko zethu zokuxhumana zingasiza.
Khulumani nodokotela
Uma nibona izinguquko enkumbulweni, ekucabangeni, esimweni sengqondo noma emakhonweni ansuku zonke ezintsha futhi eziqhubeka, hlelani isikhathi sokubonana nodokotela wokunakekela kokuqala. Ngokudideka okuzumayo, shayelani inombolo yezimo eziphuthumayo yendawo yakini noma umnakekeli wezempilo womuntu ngokushesha. Ukuhlolwa kusenesikhathi kusho ukuthi izimbangela ezelashekayo zingatholakala futhi, uma kuyi-dementia, kunesikhathi esiningi sokuhlela nokufuna ukwesekwa. Zinakekeleni nani kulokhu; bhekani umhlahlandlela wethu wokuzinakekela kwabanakekeli.
Leli khasi liwulwazi jikelele, hhayi iseluleko sezokwelapha. Bhekani isaziso sethu sezempilo.
Imibuzo evamile
Ingabe ukukhohlwa kuyingxenye evamile yokuguga?
Okunye kuvamile. I-National Institute on Aging ithi ukubeka izinto endaweni engafanele ngezinye izikhathi noma ukukhohlwa ibhili ngokuvamile kuwukukhohlwa okuncane okuhambisana neminyaka. I-dementia ayiyona ingxenye evamile yokuguga. Izinkinga zenkumbulo ezenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke njengokushayela, ukusebenzisa ucingo noma ukuthola indlela eya ekhaya kube nzima zifanele ukuhlolwa udokotela.
Ingabe izinkinga zenkumbulo zingabangelwa okunye ngaphandle kwe-dementia?
Yebo. I-National Institute on Aging ibala izinkinga ze-thyroid, izinso noma isibindi, imiphumela emibi yemithi, ukudumala nokukhathazeka, i-vitamin B12 ephansi, ukusebenzisa kabi utshwala, izinkinga zokulala, ukusulelwa nokulimala ekhanda, phakathi kokunye. Ezinye zalezi ziyathuthuka uma zelashwa, okuyisizathu esisodwa sokuthi ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha kubalulekile.
Ngingamhlola umuntu ngokuthi une-dementia ekhaya?
Cha. Udokotela noma uchwepheshe wezempilo onekhono kuphela ongaxilonga i-dementia, esebenzisa umlando wezempilo, ukuhlolwa komzimba, izivivinyo zenkumbulo nokucabanga, izivivinyo ze-lab ngezinye izikhathi nezithombe zobuchopho. Ngisho nezivivinyo ezimfushane odokotela abazisebenzisayo azanele zodwa ukuxilonga i-dementia.
Ngenzenjani uma umuntu edideka ngokuzumayo?
Funani usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Ukudideka okuzumayo kungaba i-delirium, i-VA ethi iyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha. Shayelani umnakekeli wezempilo womuntu ngokushesha noma nishayele inombolo yezimo eziphuthumayo yendawo yakini, hlalani naye, futhi nigcine uhlu lwemithi ayithathayo.
Imithombo
Sixhumanisa nezinhlangano nezifundo leli khasi eliklanyelwe kuzo. Lunye lwahlolwa lapho leli khasi libuyekezwa.
- 10 Early Signs and Symptoms of Alzheimer's and Dementia · Alzheimer's Association
- Memory Problems, Forgetfulness, and Aging · National Institute on Aging
- How Is Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosed? · National Institute on Aging
- Visiting Your Doctor for Memory Loss · Alzheimer's Association
- Assessing Cognitive Impairment in Older Patients · National Institute on Aging
- When should I worry about Delirium? · U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs
- Sudden confusion (delirium) · NHS