Impendulo emfushane
Ucwaningo luhlobanisa ukungaxhumani nabantu nokuzizwa uyedwa ekupheleni kokuphila nobungozi obuphakeme be-dementia. I-Lancet Commission yango-2024 ilinganisa ukuthi ukungaxhumani nabantu kuyingxenye yamaphesenti angu-5 amacala, nakuba ingxenye yalokhu kuhlobana kungase kube yi-dementia esencane ebangela ukuzihlukanisa. Ukuxhumana njalo, izintshisekelo ezabelwanayo nosizo ekuzweni konke kusekela ukuxhumana. Kubantu abaphila ne-dementia, imisebenzi eyabelwanayo ibalulekile ngenjabulo nangesimo sokuphila.
- I-Lancet Commission ibala ukungaxhumani nabantu ekupheleni kokuphila njengesinye sezinto ezingu-14 ezibeka engozini ezingashintshwa ze-dementia, cishe emaphesenti angu-5 amacala.
- Isaziso se-US Surgeon General sango-2023 sahlobanisa ukuzizwa uyedwa nokungaxhumani nabantu okungapheli nobungozi be-dementia obuphakeme cishe ngamaphesenti angu-50 kubantu asebekhulile.
- Ubufakazi obuningi bususelwa ezifundweni zokubuka, futhi i-dementia esencane ingenza abantu bazihlukanise.
- Izinkinga zokuzwa nezokubona, ukuhlala wedwa nokunakekela omunye kukhulisa ubungozi bokungaxhumani nabantu.
- Kubantu abaphila ne-dementia, imisebenzi eyabelwanayo ejabulisayo isekela isimo sokuphila; inhloso iwukuxhumana, hhayi ukusebenza kahle.
Kuleli khasi (izingxenye ezingu-6)
Abantu bakhelwe ukuba nenkampani, futhi lokho akushintshi ngeminyaka. Ucwaningo luhlobanisa ukuzizwa uyedwa nokungaxhumani nabantu ekupheleni kokuphila nobungozi obuphakeme be-dementia, kanye nesifo senhliziyo nokudangala. Ucwaningo alukakwazi ukusho ukuthi ingakanani ingxenye yalokho kuhlobana okuyimbangela nomphumela. Leli khasi lichaza lokho obukubonisayo ubufakazi, izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuhlala nixhumene, nokuthi kungani imisebenzi eyabelwanayo ibalulekile kangaka kubantu asebephila ne-dementia.
Ingabe ukuzizwa uyedwa nokungaxhumani nabantu kuhlobene ne-dementia?
Yebo, izifundo eziningi ziyakuhlobanisa, nakuba isiqondiso singacaci ngokugcwele. I-Lancet Commission yango-2024 ibala ukungaxhumani nabantu ekupheleni kokuphila njengesinye sezinto ezingu-14 ezibeka engozini ezingashintshwa. Isifinyezo se-UCL somibiko sibeka cishe emaphesenti angu-5 amacala e-dementia emhlabeni wonke.
Lokho obukubonisayo ubufakazi:
- Ukuxhumana okuncane, ubungozi obuphakeme. I-Commission ichaza ukubuyekezwa okubili okuhlobanisa ukuxhumana okungavamile nabantu nobungozi obuphakeme be-dementia. Okukodwa kwathola ubungozi obuphakeme cishe ngamaphesenti angu-57, kanti okunye cishe ngamaphesenti angu-18.
- Ukuzizwa uyedwa nakho. Ukuzizwa uyedwa, umuzwa wokuhlukaniswa, nakho kwahlotshaniswa nobungozi obuphakeme be-dementia emibuyekezweni eminingana.
- Umbono we-Surgeon General. NgoMeyi 2023, i-US Surgeon General yakhipha isaziso mayelana nokuzizwa uyedwa nokungaxhumani nabantu. Sithi ukuzizwa uyedwa nokungaxhumani nabantu okungapheli kungakhuphula ubungozi be-dementia cishe ngamaphesenti angu-50 kubantu asebekhulile. Siphinde sahlobanisa ukuxhumana okubi nabantu nobungozi obuphakeme ngamaphesenti angu-29 besifo senhliziyo nobungozi obuphakeme ngamaphesenti angu-32 be-stroke.
- Ukuthi kuvame kangakanani. Umbiko we-National Academies wathola ukuthi cishe amaphesenti angu-24 abantu base-Amerika abaneminyaka engu-65 nangaphezulu abahlala emphakathini abangaxhumani nabantu.
Isixwayiso esibalulekile: i-Lancet Commission iyaphawula ukuthi abantu bangase banciphise imisebenzi yokuhlangana nabanye ngesigaba sokuqala se-dementia esingakatholwa. Lokho kusho ukuthi ingxenye yalokho kuhlobana ingase ibe yi-dementia ebangela ukuzihlukanisa, hhayi kuphela ukuzihlukanisa okwandisa ubungozi. Cishe bonke lobu bufakazi buvela ezifundweni zokubuka.
Yini umehluko phakathi kokuzizwa uyedwa nokungaxhumani nabantu?
I-National Institute on Aging (NIA) ikuchaza kanje. Ukungaxhumani nabantu kusho ukuba nokuxhumana okuncane nabanye noma abantu abambalwa ohlangana nabo njalo. Ukuzizwa uyedwa ngumuzwa obuhlungu wokuba ngedwa noma ukuhlukaniswa. Umuntu angahlala yedwa ejabule, futhi omunye angazizwa eyedwa egumbini eligcwele.
I-NIA ibala izinto ezikhulisa ubungozi bakho kokubili:
- Izinkinga zokuzwa noma zokubona
- Ubunzima bokuzihambela, noma ukungabi nokuthutha
- Ukuhlala wedwa, noma ukulahlekelwa okukhulu njengokushona komlingani noma ukuthatha umhlalaphansi
- Izinguquko enkumbulweni noma ekucabangeni
- Ukunakekela othandekayo ongaphilile kahle
- Ukukhathazeka ngemali noma izithiyo zolimi
Ukuzwa kuyinto enkulu. I-NIA iphawula ukuthi abantu abangezwa kahle bangase bahlehle ngoba ingxoxo iba yinkinga noma iyabanamahloni. Umhlahlandlela wethu wokuzwa nempilo yobuchopho uhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kokuzwa nezinsiza zokuzwa.
Izindlela ezisebenzayo zokuhlala nixhumene
I-NIA iphakamisa imibono eminingana. Khethani owodwa noma emibili efanelekile:
- Hlelani ukuxhumana njalo. Isikhathi esimisiwe nsuku zonke noma evikini sokushayela ucingo, ukuthumela umyalezo, i-imeyili noma ikhadi kumndeni, ebangani noma komakhelwane.
- Sebenzisani ama-video call noma izikhulumi ezihlakaniphile. Uma ubuchwepheshe bungajwayelekile kini, imitapo yolwazi eminingi yomphakathi nezikhungo zomphakathi zinikeza amakilasi. Buka umhlahlandlela wethu wezingcingo nama-video call.
- Joyina okuthile. Ikilasi, ibandla, iqembu lokuhamba noma indima yokuzinikela kunikeza ukuxhumana nomqondo wenjongo.
- Phindani niqale into eniyithanda kudala noma nifunde entsha nabanye abantu.
- Nyakazani nabanye. Zivocavoceni nomngani noma iqembu. Umhlahlandlela wethu wokuzivocavoca unemibono ethambile.
- Cabangani ngesilwane esifuywayo uma ningakwazi ukusinakekela.
- Sebenzisani izinkonzo zendawo. Izikhungo zabantu asebekhulile nezinhlangano zendawo zabantu asebekhulile zingakuhola ezinhlelweni nasekuthutheni.
Kungani imisebenzi eyabelwanayo ibalulekile ku-dementia?
Kumuntu osephila ne-dementia, ukuxhumana kumayelana nenjabulo, induduzo nokuzizwa ufakiwe, hhayi ukwehlisa ubungozi. I-Lancet Commission ithi imisebenzi isiza abantu abane-dementia ukuthi bagcine injabulo nenjongo. I-Alzheimer’s Association iphawula ukuthi, ngaphezu kokwandisa isimo sokuphila, imisebenzi ingehlisa izindlela zokuziphatha ezifana nokuzula noma ukuphazamiseka. I-NIA yengeza ukuthi abantu abanesifo i-Alzheimer’s badinga ukusebenza nokwenza izinto abazijabulelayo.
Imibono esebenza kahle:
- Bukani izithombe ndawonye. Amakhadi Engxoxo anikeza imibuzo evulekile, engahloli, efana nokuthi “Ngitshele ngo…” Buka umhlahlandlela wethu wokukhumbula.
- Dlalani eceleni komunye nomunye. Amapheya Ezithombe agcina izithombe zibonakala futhi awanawo isibali sikhathi noma amaphuzu, ngakho akukho ngcindezi. Umhlahlandlela wethu wokuthi nidlale kanjani ndawonye unezeluleko.
- Sebenzisani izithombe zomndeni. Amapheya Ezithombe Zomndeni aguqula izithombe eniziqokayo zibe umdlalo wokufanisa, futhi izithombe ziyahlala kudivayisi yenu.
- Hlanganisani abantu. I-Bingo Yezithombe isebenza emihlanganweni yomndeni namaqembu asezindlini zokunakekela.
- Abelanani umculo, imisebenzi yasendlini noma ingadi. Buka imisebenzi yomculo, imisebenzi yasendlini nohlu lwethu olugcwele lwayo yonke imibono yemisebenzi.
- Yenzani ukuvakasha kube lula. Umhlahlandlela wethu wokuvakasha uchaza ukuvakasha okufushane, okuthule okuzwakala kahle kubo bonke.
Gcinani kuncane futhi kuphumule. Igumbi elithule elinomuntu oyedwa noma ababili livame ukusebenza kangcono kunesixuku esikhulu. Uma umuntu edinwa noma ephelelwa isithakazelo, ukuyeka kulungile. Ukuhlala ndawonye nenkomishi yetiye nakho kuyisiphetho esihle.
Kumuntu ophila yedwa ne-dementia, i-NIA iphakamisa ukuthola umuntu othembekile ongavakasha noma ashayele ngevidiyo njalo futhi abe yinkomba yezimo eziphuthumayo. Iphinde ikhulume ngi-memory cafe yendawo, indawo yokuhlangana ethambile yabantu abalahlekelwa inkumbulo nemindeni yabo.
Abanakekeli nabo bayazizwa bebodwa
I-NIA ibala ukunakekela othandekayo njengento ebeka engozini yokungaxhumani nabantu. Gcinani isikhathi esithile samahlelo akho obungane, amaqembu okusekela nokuphumula. Umhlahlandlela wethu wokuzinakekela komnakekeli unemibono esebenzayo.
Khulumani nodokotela
Uma wena noma umuntu omnakekelayo nizizwa nodwa noma ningaxhumani nabantu isikhathi esiningi, tshelani udokotela. I-NIA ikhuthaza abantu ukuthi babelane ngezinguquko ezinkulu zempilo, njengokufa emndenini, ukuze udokotela aqonde isithombe esigcwele. Ukuzizwa phansi amasonto ngamasonto kungaba ukudangala, okungalashwa. Uma umuntu osekhulile esanda kuhlehla kubangani noma emisebenzini ayejabulela yona, lolo shintsho lufanele ukubikwa kudokotela futhi. Funda izimpawu zokuqala nokuthi ubona nini udokotela.
Leli khasi liwulwazi olujwayelekile, hhayi iseluleko sezokwelapha. Buka isaziso sethu sezempilo.
Imibuzo evamile
Ingabe ukuzizwa uyedwa kubangela i-dementia?
Lokho akukaboniswa. Izifundo eziningi zihlobanisa ukuzizwa uyedwa nokungaxhumani nabantu nobungozi obuphakeme be-dementia, kodwa izinguquko zokuqala ebuchosheni nazo zingenza abantu bahlehle kwabanye. Ukuhlala nixhumene kunezinye izinzuzo eziningi esimweni sengqondo nasempilweni, ngakho kufanelekile ukukusekela kunoma yikuphi.
Yini umehluko phakathi kokuzizwa uyedwa nokungaxhumani nabantu?
Ukungaxhumani nabantu kusho ukuba nabantu abambalwa ohlangana nabo njalo. Ukuzizwa uyedwa ngumuzwa obuhlungu wokuba ngedwa noma ukuhlukaniswa. Ungahlala wedwa ungazizwa uyedwa, noma uzizwe uyedwa uzungezwe abantu.
Ngingamsiza kanjani umzali one-dementia ukuthi ahlale exhumene?
Ukuxhumana okufushane nokwenzeka njalo kuyasebenza. Zamani ucingo noma ingxoxo yevidiyo emisiwe evikini ngalinye, umsebenzi owabelwanayo etafuleni lasekhishini, i-memory cafe, noma ukuvakasha nesilwane esifuywayo noma umzukulu. Gcinani amaqembu emancane nethule, futhi nimyeke abeke isivinini.
Ngingawathola kuphi usizo lwasendaweni lomuntu osekhulile ohlala yedwa?
Buzani enhlanganweni yendawo esekela abantu asebekhulile, esikhungweni sezenhlalakahle noma emtholampilo wendawo, noma ushayele umugqa wosizo we-dementia ezweni lakini uma ukhona. E-United States, i-Eldercare Locator, inkonzo yomphakathi, ixhumanisa imindeni nezinhlangano zendawo zabantu asebekhulile nezinhlelo zomphakathi, futhi ifinyeleleka ku-eldercare.acl.gov.
Imithombo
Sixhumanisa nezinhlangano nezifundo leli khasi eliklanyelwe kuzo. Lunye lwahlolwa lapho leli khasi libuyekezwa.
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- Nearly half of dementia cases could be prevented or delayed by tackling 14 risk factors · University College London
- Our Epidemic of Loneliness and Isolation: The U.S. Surgeon General's Advisory on the Healing Effects of Social Connection and Community · U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
- Social Isolation and Loneliness in Older Adults: Summary · National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NCBI Bookshelf)
- Loneliness and Social Isolation — Tips for Staying Connected · National Institute on Aging
- Adapting Activities for People With Alzheimer's Disease · National Institute on Aging
- Activities · Alzheimer's Association